Recently, a research team led by Lv Jiancheng and Yu Xuefeng from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Professor Chen Xianfeng from the University of Bangor in the UK, has made a groundbreaking advancement in the field of optical sensing. They have successfully developed the first black phosphorus-based optical fiber chemical sensor capable of ultra-sensitive detection of heavy metal ions, such as lead.
Tilted fiber gratings are an innovative type of fiber optic device that offer great potential for sensing applications. These gratings are designed with a high-angle tilt, allowing the fundamental mode of light in the fiber core to couple into the cladding, resulting in distinct resonant peaks at specific wavelengths. The coupling behavior is highly sensitive to changes in the external environment, such as variations in refractive index or chemical interactions. This makes tilted fiber gratings ideal for photonic sensing technologies.
Black phosphorus, a two-dimensional direct bandgap semiconductor material, has gained significant attention due to its remarkable properties. It features a unique layered structure, a large surface area, numerous active sites, and a broad spectral response range spanning visible to infrared light. These characteristics make it a promising candidate for various optical and sensing applications.
In this study, the researchers combined black phosphorus with a tilted fiber grating for the first time, leveraging the unique optical modulation properties of black phosphorus nanolayers. By utilizing the specialized structure of the tilted grating, they created a novel, ultra-sensitive chemical sensor. To enhance performance, they developed an in-situ lamination technique to efficiently attach black phosphorus nanosheets onto the fiber surface. Different thicknesses of black phosphorus layers exhibited distinct optical signal modulation, enabling precise detection of heavy metal ions.
The new sensor demonstrated exceptional sensitivity, capable of detecting lead ions at sub-ppb levels, with a wide detection range and ultra-low detection limits. This innovation opens up new possibilities for chemical and biological sensing, offering a powerful optical platform for future biosensor development.
The findings were published in the journal *Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical*, and the research was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme.
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