An audio processor, also known as a digital signal processor (DSP), is a device that manipulates digital audio signals to enhance or control their quality. The internal structure typically consists of input and output sections. The input section usually includes features like input gain control (INPUT GAIN), which adjusts the level of the incoming signal, generally ranging from -12 dB to +12 dB. Input equalization (INPUT EQ) allows for fine-tuning of the frequency response, often using 4 to 8 parametric EQ bands, each with adjustable parameters such as frequency, Q (bandwidth), and gain. Input delay (INPUT DELAY) can be used to synchronize signals between different devices, especially when working with auxiliary speakers. Input polarity conversion (also called phase inversion) flips the signal’s phase, helping to avoid phase cancellation without having to physically reverse cables.
Features
Input gain controls the level of the signal entering the processor, ensuring it stays within an optimal range for processing. Input equalization allows for precise tuning of the sound, adjusting frequencies to match the room acoustics or speaker characteristics. Input delay helps align signals in multi-speaker systems, ensuring all outputs are in sync. Polarity conversion is useful for correcting phase issues, improving clarity and overall sound quality.
Output Features
The output section includes signal routing (ROUT), which determines which input source feeds into a particular output channel—commonly A, B, or a mix of both. High-pass filters (HPF) remove low-frequency content from the signal, acting as a crossover point for speakers, while low-pass filters (LPF) do the opposite, allowing only lower frequencies through. These filters have parameters like frequency, filter type (such as LR, Bessel, or Butterworth), and slope (e.g., 6, 12, 18, 24, or 48 dB/octave). A steeper slope results in a cleaner cutoff between frequencies. When combined, HPF and LPF create a bandpass filter, commonly used in multi-way speaker systems. Output equalization works similarly to input EQ but is usually limited to parametric settings. Output polarity can be adjusted independently, and some processors even offer phase angle control for more advanced tuning. A true limiter on the output helps prevent overdriving amplifiers, with adjustable parameters like threshold, attack time, and release time, tailored to the specific system requirements.
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