Not long ago, we explored the evolving trends in future display technologies and how high dynamic range (HDR) can transform the viewing experience by delivering more realistic visuals, preserving brightness, texture, and bringing us closer to what the human eye naturally perceives. Now, it's time to uncover the next big thing—Arm’s Assertive Display 5, which introduces a comprehensive set of HDR management features into the display pipeline.
For years, Assertive Display has been recognized as the leading solution for outdoor visibility, with over 1 billion mobile devices already equipped with this technology. It uses an advanced local tone mapping engine that dynamically adjusts each pixel to counteract less-than-ideal conditions—such as limited display capabilities, varying ambient lighting, or reduced backlighting—both indoors and outdoors. This ensures a consistently high-quality visual experience regardless of the environment.
**HDR for a More Realistic Viewing Experience**
Traditional standard dynamic range (SDR) content, like sRGB, typically offers a contrast ratio of around 2,000:1, which means shadows appear too dark and bright areas, such as clouds, often lose detail and become washed out. In contrast, HDR content boasts a contrast ratio of up to 100,000:1, offering richer colors, more vivid details, and a much more realistic visual experience. However, achieving this requires accurate reproduction of the HDR signal.
While ideal viewing conditions involve watching HDR content in a dark room with a high-end HDR panel, most people watch videos under less-than-perfect lighting conditions. Unfortunately, many consumer-grade displays today still struggle to fully render the dynamic range of HDR content. But there’s a solution—Arm’s Assertive Display 5.
**HDR Management Across the Entire Pipeline**
Whether you're watching on a smartphone or a high-end HDR panel, the goal is to have content displayed as faithfully as possible. However, the path from capture to screen involves several complex steps. First, the image is captured, compressed, and encoded for transmission. Then, tone mapping occurs, either adapting HDR content for SDR displays or enhancing it for HDR devices while adjusting for ambient light. Finally, the image is rendered on the target display.
Assertive Display 5 provides full control over the entire display pipeline, ensuring optimal performance and significant power savings:
- **HDR to SDR Mapping**: Accurately maps HDR content to display specifications, compensating for ambient lighting.
- **HDR to HDR Mapping**: Adjusts for environmental lighting to maintain HDR quality.
- **Retains HDR Experience Even with Diminished Backlight**: Especially useful on handhelds and laptops, improving power efficiency without sacrificing quality.
- **Supports HDR10 and HLG Standards**: Including PQ, PQ10, and HLG10.
**Perfect Picture: The Power of Local Tone Mapping**
At the heart of Assertive Display 5 is the iridix8 HDR engine, which delivers exceptional HDR performance even on SDR panels. Tone mapping transforms one set of colors into another, allowing high dynamic range images to be displayed on devices with limited capabilities.
Global tone mapping applies a uniform curve across all pixels, which can lead to loss of detail, contrast, and color accuracy. Local tone mapping, however, uses a more sophisticated algorithm that calculates individual curves for each pixel based on image content. This preserves brightness, color, and contrast, especially in darker areas, resulting in more natural and detailed visuals.
Even in bright sunlight, where ambient light and reflections can reduce contrast and detail, Assertive Display’s tone mapping dynamically compensates, ensuring a high-quality HDR experience in any condition.
**Advanced Color Gamut and Color Management**
HDR content typically offers a wider color gamut than traditional SDR content. While SDR uses the Rec.709 color space, HDR leverages the broader Rec.2020 or WCG (Wide Color Gamut). This results in richer hues, increased saturation, and a more immersive visual experience.
Although current HDR displays may not fully support Rec.2020, they often support the P3 color space, which lies between Rec.709 and Rec.2020. To achieve the best color accuracy, it's essential to map the content's color gamut to the display’s capabilities.
Assertive Display 5 uses a novel, compact hardware implementation of 3D LUTs (3D Lookup Tables) to efficiently manage color mapping, preserving the richness and depth of the original content without the need for expensive hardware.
**Market-Leading Outdoor Visibility and Power Savings**
Beyond its impressive HDR performance, Assertive Display 5 also excels in power efficiency. Traditional power-saving methods can cause visible artifacts, but the content-adaptive backlight control integrated with the iridix local tone mapping engine ensures smooth, artifact-free performance—even when the backlight is dimmed.
**Multi-Window Mode**
Modern users expect seamless multi-window experiences, including split-screen, zoom, and picture-in-picture modes. Assertive Display 5 supports these features with ease, enabling high-quality display of both HDR and SDR windows simultaneously.
With its compact size, simple RGB interface, and powerful HDR management features, Assertive Display 5 is an ideal solution for a wide range of devices—from smartphones to laptops.
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