In terms of layout and user experience, Windows XP and certain domestic Linux operating systems are quite similar. This means that for users, the two systems feel comparable. When it comes to pricing, most domestic operating systems are free, while Windows 8.1 is sold at various price points, ranging from a few hundred to over a thousand dollars. From a cost perspective, domestic systems clearly have an advantage.
However, despite this, many people remain unfamiliar with domestic operating systems. Why is that? This article explores the challenges these systems face and why they struggle to gain widespread adoption.
Where is the domestic operating system heading? Recently, the release of Ubuntu Kylin 15.04, developed jointly by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Integrated Circuits Promotion Center, and the National University of Defense Technology, has drawn media attention. As one of the key systems we're promoting, its launch is significant. Yet, despite substantial investment—both in funding and industry participation—the results have not been impressive. So, what’s the issue?
Ubuntu Kylin 15.04 has faced criticism, particularly regarding its functionality. While we won’t repeat those points, we can note that it shares similarities with other domestic systems. One commonality is that it's a desktop-oriented OS. The market is well aware that the desktop OS space is dominated by Microsoft Windows, which has held a strong position for nearly three decades. Despite past issues like Vista’s poor performance or Windows 8’s shift away from traditional user habits, Windows still maintains dominance. Open-source alternatives like Linux have tried to challenge this but haven't made a real impact.
Ubuntu Kylin 15.04 appears to be designed with a user interface that closely resembles both Windows and macOS. This approach, while familiar, may limit innovation. With Windows 10 potentially reducing licensing costs, even going as far as offering a free version, the competition will become tougher. It's clear that breaking into the desktop OS market is no easy task.
Academician Ni Guangnan has suggested focusing on mobile operating systems instead. However, this path isn't much easier. Despite numerous attempts by companies like Samsung, Intel, and Palm, none have managed to significantly challenge Android. Even Nokia’s investment in MeeGo failed to make a dent. These examples highlight the difficulty of competing in a mature market.
Looking at the development of Ubuntu Kylin, it involves collaboration between government agencies, research institutions, and Canonical. However, this model often lacks market-driven innovation. Many domestic OS projects are developed behind closed doors, disconnected from real user needs. In contrast, successful systems like Windows, Android, and iOS are driven by market demands and continuous improvement.
While there is value in developing domestic operating systems, success requires more than just technical capability. It needs innovative thinking, market alignment, and strategic partnerships. For example, Huawei's Haisi chip has shown how integrating market insights can lead to success.
The problem lies in the mindset. Many domestic OS efforts follow outdated strategies, leading to missed opportunities. If this continues, similar stories to Ubuntu Kylin will keep happening, and China will miss out on future chances.
Why is it difficult to popularize domestic operating systems? According to Academician Ni Guangnan, the Chinese market sees over 90% of systems running on Microsoft, with domestic OS having only about 3%. He argues that while domestic systems match foreign ones in technology and user experience, the main gap is in the ecosystem. The Wintel alliance has created a unified standard, making peripherals and applications compatible. In contrast, China has multiple OS platforms, leading to compatibility issues.
To address this, the "China Intelligent Terminal Operating System Industry Alliance" is working on a unified "desktop operating system reference platform." This highly restrictive standard aims to ensure compatibility, much like the Wintel model.
Proposals to adopt a "Win10 government version" through joint ventures with Microsoft raise concerns. While it might seem like a shortcut, it could allow Windows to maintain dominance. Microsoft retains full control over its source code, making long-term technological mastery unlikely.
Ni Guangnan emphasizes the importance of open innovation but stresses the need for strict oversight. As cyber warfare becomes more sophisticated, protecting national infrastructure is critical. The lesson is clear: building a secure, self-reliant IT system is essential for national security and technological independence.
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