Paraffin Development and Forecast

In 2014, global paraffin consumption reached approximately 3.3 million tons. From 1993 to 1998, the world's paraffin usage showed a gradual upward trend, with an average annual growth rate of 1.4%. By 1998, global paraffin consumption had peaked at 3.82 million tons, the highest in two decades. However, after 1998, as the availability of paraffin-based crude oil declined and the development of alternative products accelerated, the demand for paraffin began to decrease slightly. According to reports, by 2014, global paraffin consumption was only 86.4% of its 1998 level. Table 1: Top Ten Paraffin Wax Manufacturers in the World Top Ten Paraffin Wax Manufacturers in the World Name | Annual Production Capacity (10,000 Tons) | Note ---|---|--- China Petroleum | 101 | Nanchong 10,000-ton plant has been discontinued Exxon Mobil | 87.75 | — Sinopec | 62 | — Shell | 48.5 | Plan to close its device in the United States Saso | 45 | — Lukoil | 28.5 | — Venezuela National Oil | 17.5 | — Petrobras | 13.25 | — French Total | 10.25 | — Adip Petroleum | 10.25 | — In the Americas, U.S. paraffin production in 2014 was expected to reach 310,000 tons, down 20.2% from 388,600 tons in 2010. Imports were anticipated to rise to 370,000 tons, which was 19.3% higher than local production. This was largely due to the shutdown of the two largest U.S. paraffin plants, significantly impacting supply. In South America, total consumption was around 200,000 tons, with Brazil accounting for 60% of that. There were nearly 1,100 candle factories in the region, with about 800 located in Brazil. Central American paraffin consumption was approximately 210,000 tons, with Mexico consuming 80% of it. Mexico is home to over 70% of the region’s population, and more than half of the paraffin consumed there is used for candle production. In Europe, paraffin consumption varies depending on regional economic conditions and market preferences. In developing countries such as those in Asia and Africa, lighting candles are a major use. In the U.S. and Canada, packaging wax is the most common application. In Western Europe, religious waxes and other specialized waxes have a higher share. Globally, candle wax accounts for roughly 42%, packaging wax for 24%, and other uses include building boards, cosmetics, and rubber applications. In 2014, Europe accounted for about 39% of global paraffin consumption, totaling 1.28 million tons. Western Europe represented 20% of this, while Central and Eastern Europe made up 19%. In Asia, markets such as India and Southeast Asia have shown increasing demand for paraffin wax. With anti-dumping investigations against Chinese exports in Europe and the U.S., China's export share has gradually decreased. However, exports from neighboring regions have grown, particularly due to competitive pricing and lower freight costs. In 2014, Asian consumption was expected to surpass 1 million tons and continue growing rapidly in the following years. As China plays a significant role in the region, local paraffin prices are heavily influenced by the Chinese market. In summary, despite signs of recovery in the U.S. economy, declining domestic production and the rise of alternatives have led to a slight decline in paraffin consumption. In Europe, where the economy is struggling, paraffin demand is also expected to fall. Meanwhile, Latin American and Asian markets are projected to maintain steady growth. Overall, global paraffin consumption is likely to show a slight downward trend in the future, but emerging markets in Asia and Africa deserve close attention.

Solar Energy System

Photovoltaic power generation system is the use of photovoltaic effect to convert solar energy into electricity system, its categories can be divided according to different classification standards. The following is an introduction to the main categories of photovoltaic power generation systems:

First, according to the access to the power grid classification
Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system
Definition: Connected to the public grid, the generated electrical energy is input to the grid.
Composition: mainly includes photovoltaic array, grid-connected inverter, load and power grid. Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems usually do not need to configure batteries, relying on the grid for energy storage regulation.
Application scenario: Suitable for photovoltaic power generation projects of various scales, including large ground power stations, medium-sized industrial and commercial power stations and small household power stations.
Advantages: It can make full use of the power of photovoltaic array, reduce energy loss and reduce system cost. At the same time, the excess energy can be sold to the power company at a profit.
Off-grid photovoltaic power generation system
Definition: photovoltaic power generation system that is not connected to the public grid and operates independently.
Composition: Mainly includes solar modules, controllers, batteries and inverters (if AC is required).
Application scenario: It is usually built in remote areas far from the power grid or used as a mobile portable power supply in the field, such as remote mountains, no power areas, islands, communication base stations and street lights.
Advantages: not subject to regional restrictions, not dependent on the power grid, wide range of use. It can be installed and used wherever there is sunlight.
Second, classified by energy storage device
Photovoltaic power generation system with energy storage device
Features: The system contains energy storage devices such as batteries, which are used to store excess electric energy to ensure that it can still supply power when there is no light or power grid outage.
Application scenario: Applicable to situations where continuous power supply is required, such as communication base stations, hospitals, and data centers.
Photovoltaic power generation system without energy storage device
Features: The system does not contain storage devices such as batteries, and all the generated electricity is directly input into the grid or supplied to the load.
Application scenario: Applicable to areas where the power grid is stable and the light is sufficient, and where users do not have high requirements on the continuity of power supply.
3. Classification by system structure
Centralized grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system
Features: Mainly use desert and other concentrated areas to build large-scale photovoltaic power stations, power generation directly into the public grid, access to high-voltage transmission system.
Application scenario: Suitable for large-scale photovoltaic power generation projects, such as national power stations.
Distributed grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system
Features: Generally built in the vicinity of users, such as industrial plants, public buildings, residential roofs and so on. The electricity produced is mainly for the user's own use.
Application scenario: Suitable for distributed photovoltaic power generation projects of various scales, with the characteristics of small capacity and low voltage level.

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