2 Development of power supply system for foreign railway air-conditioned passenger trains Typical representatives of foreign high-speed passenger railway development The train power supply systems of developed countries such as Japan, France, Germany, etc. have generally adopted static converter power supply mode, which has high reliability and integration with train networks. High degree of automation and easy maintenance. For example, the German ICE series, the French TGV series, the Italian ETR series, the Spanish AVE series high-speed EMUs and the Nikko Shinkansen trains all use this type of power supply.
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3 Development of power supply mode for air-conditioned trains in China
3.1 Generating vehicle centralized power supply system The generator car is equivalent to a mobile power station. Usually, there are three 300 kW diesel generator sets in the generator car. The main models are KTA 19-G2 and MTU12 V 183TA 12, with AC 3 phase. 4-wire system, 2-way power supply, voltage AC400/230 V, 50 Hz, KC20 power connection line at the car end, can be connected to the train from either end of the generator car, the main line load capacity is calculated by 20 vehicles, not less than 600 kW . The air-conditioned train powered by the power supply towel covers diesel engine power generation technology: vehicle unit air conditioning refrigeration heating technology; AC 220 V lighting and emergency power supply technology: centralized shaft temperature alarm technology and GPS satellite ground remote sensing technology. Although it has the advantages of flexible and convenient power-off, and is not restricted by lines, weather and locomotives; low power failure rate and less interference between units, there are also shortcomings such as noise and exhaust pollution of diesel generator sets. It also requires a large amount of petroleum products.
3.2 Air-conditioned passenger car DC 600 V power supply system
   The DC 600 V passenger train power supply system is an important system in the railway locomotive T-process. The DC 600 V system is based on the characteristics of the French TGV, the German ICE, the Japanese Shinkansen and the European multi-voltage train power supply system, according to the Chinese passenger train. The specific situation was optimized. The traction network power is used to supply power to the passenger train through the locomotive to achieve the purpose of improving the train transportation capacity, energy saving, environmental protection and high-speed train operation.
4 air-conditioned passenger car DC 600 V power supply system
4.1 Working principle of DC 600 V power supply system
   The DC 600V power supply system adopts centralized rectification of locomotives and decentralized inverter mode of passenger cars, which constitutes a constant-current and variable-current power supply system. The electric locomotive steps down, rectifies and filters the single-phase AC of 25 kV grid into DC 600 V to supply power to the passenger car. The bus is equipped with an inverter power supply and a charger. According to the needs of the electrical equipment, the DC 600 V provided by the locomotive is converted into single-phase, three-phase alternating current and DC 110 V. The power distribution and control panel ensures power distribution and security protection. The passenger car is equipped with a DC 110 V battery pack, which solves the problem that the train passes through the phase-free section without electricity. The system uses two independent power supply circuits. The direct-connected converter is installed under the car and does not reduce the capacity of the car. The unique two-stage protection system for rolling stock realizes automatic fault removal. The system features centralized control, automatic start, automatic reset, and simple operation.
The working process of the DC 600 V power supply system: the power grid supplies power to the train through the electric locomotive, adds 2 train power supply windings to the main transformer of the locomotive, and steps down the 25 kV single-phase AC high voltage power received by the pantograph; The independently operated single-phase half-controlled rectifier rectifies the single-phase AC to two DC 600 V supplies. The power supply to the train bus is supplied through the KC20D electrical connector. The schematic diagram of the main circuit of the locomotive is shown in Figure 1.
The DC 600 V power supply unit consists of a vehicle end connector, a train power supply trunk, a power distribution cabinet, a converter, a battery pack, a charger, an air conditioning control cabinet, and a lighting control cabinet. The two DC 600 V power supplies provided by the locomotive are introduced into the power distribution cabinet through the vehicle end connector, and one of them is input to the converter and the charger. The converter converts the DC 600 V into a 2-phase 380 V, 50 Hz AC power, and supplies power to the electric water heater, the warm water tank, the waste exhaust fan, etc. through the power distribution cabinet, and supplies power to the air conditioning unit through the air conditioning control cabinet. The charger converts 600 V DC into 110 V DC, and supplies power to the interior lighting and power supply control system through the lighting control cabinet while charging the battery. Each vehicle is equipped with a battery pack and is separated from the 110 V ten line by a pole bamboo. The car is illuminated by fluorescent lamps, and the lighting converter converts 110 V DC into 220 V AC.
The power distribution cabinet controls the power supply of the air conditioning control cabinet, converter, and charger. The machine (mobile) controls the power of the power distribution cabinet. In the cabin, the two DC 600 V first enter the power control cabinet and distribute the input DC 600 V power supply to the inverter and charger. The inverter converts the DC 600 V into an AC380V power supply and outputs it to the air conditioning control cabinet for supply to the air conditioning unit. The charger converts the DC 600 V into a DC 115 V power supply for charging and lighting the vehicle's battery. The main circuit schematic diagram of the bus power supply system is shown in Figure 2.
4.2 Main features of DC 600 V power supply system The locomotive adopts single-phase phase-controlled rectification or full-wave rectification to provide DC 600 V power supply. It adopts 2-way power supply and has power backup. With inverter technology, each car inverter is placed in the car. Under the passenger car space; the car is independent and the train is flexible; the control system adopts DC 110 V, the power supply system has strong complementarity and high reliability; the high-power high-frequency switching power supply is adopted; the power supply system realizes centralized control and is easy to operate. Realize network monitoring of all-row driving safety and air conditioning parameters, and network with the ground. Due to the addition of the power generation car, one passenger car can be spliced ​​to increase capacity and revenue.
5 DC 600 V power supply system operation problems and recommendations DC 600 V power supply system put into operation, the overall performance has been relatively stable, the failure rate is relatively low, with simple operation, low maintenance costs and so on. However, some problems were found in the expansion of the operation: the influence of the output voltage waveform of the converter on the load insulation life of the small motor; the influence of the output voltage modulation frequency of the converter on the current of the diesel locomotive grounding protection circuit; The wiring of the lower split structure is troublesome, affecting the anti-interference performance of the converter; the heat radiated by the charger causes the temperature in the power distribution room to be high. In order to solve the above problems, at present, the technical requirements and test and test methods for the power supply system and main components are formulated to put forward new requirements for the performance of main components such as inverters. For example, the output voltage waveform voltage rise rate, the repetitive voltage maximum value, and the harmonic content of the output voltage are newly stipulated; the inverter will adopt the integrated structure of the main circuit and the control circuit, so that only a few of the car and the car are connected. The root working status display and the line for the centralized control line; the inverter and the charger are required to be installed under the vehicle (refer to the single-layer car) in order to improve the environment of the power distribution room. It is recommended to improve from the following two aspects.
(1) The locomotive DC 600 V power supply quality needs to be improved. The locomotive DC600 V power supply is the key to the power supply system. From the current 25T type, EMU and 25 G DC 600 V operation, the locomotive output voltage is often between 500 and 700 V. Oscillation, voltage fluctuations are unstable, and it is easy to cause protection shutdown or damage to the inverter and charger. And some locomotives have poor loading capacity and need to be redundantly modified. When the summer temperature is high, especially at the time of origination, the train load is large, the locomotive power transmission is difficult, and the passenger car air conditioner cannot be used at all. Even if the locomotive section adopts emergency measures, it will be loaded half-loaded one by one at the time of origination. It is recommended to reasonably select the filter reactance of the electric locomotive power supply to eliminate the low frequency oscillation that may occur in the power supply system. At present, the locomotive section has been gradually reformed and the effect is good.
(2) Inverter failures Many DC 600 V passenger car power supply systems 25G type trains have many inverter failures, especially when the summer load is large, because only one inverter is configured for each car, once it appears Failure, the car air conditioning unit will stop working, and the comfort inside the car will deteriorate drastically. However, the 25T DC 600 V inverter has relatively few problems. The key is that each car is equipped with two inverters, which are mutually standby. It is recommended that each car be equipped with only one inverter, which is powered by a single AC380V. The connecting wires are connected before and after to ensure good air conditioning. The most important thing is to improve the quality and reliability of the inverter.
6 Conclusion Modern passenger train power supply system to meet the increasing demand for electrical appliances on the train, obey the needs of the overall arrangement of the train, to ensure good social and economic benefits. The static converter power supply mode is widely used. The DC 600 V power supply system has determined the new power supply mode for Chinese passenger trains and reached the international advanced level. This technology has become the railway industry standard "Technical conditions for the TB/T3063 passenger train DC 600 V power supply system. 》, DC 600 V power supply system is one of the power supply modes in line with the characteristics of China's railway operation, with a wide range of promotion and application prospects.
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