In the latest installment of our UAV monitoring and positioning series, Keysight Technologies has come up with a solution that addresses some long-standing issues affecting key facilities like airports. This time around, Keysight's experts are showcasing their impressive capabilities with a focus on detecting drones even in challenging conditions.
This third phase of the series highlights how Keysight’s solutions can effectively monitor and locate UAVs. During a recent field test conducted near the Guanting Reservoir outside of Beijing in late May 2017, a setup consisting of three small outdoor monitoring stations was used. These stations were equipped with N6820ES Signal Surveyor 4D software and N6854A location server software to enhance monitoring and positioning precision. Each station typically included:
- N6850A broadband omnidirectional antennas (users could also use their own antennas),
- N6841A RF sensors, which came pre-installed with N6854A Geolocation Server software, covering frequencies from 20 MHz to 6 GHz, meeting IP67 protection standards, along with GPS antennas, AC power supplies, mounting brackets, and more,
- Accessories such as an 8-meter retractable mast, 4-meter N-type RF cables, low-noise amplifiers, power supplies, USB battery packs, and additional components.
The actual geographical placement of these three monitoring sites is illustrated in the image below.
During testing, the coverage area of each site was evaluated. For instance, the "Tower Sensor" positioned in the upper-left corner of the map had a simulated coverage range of approximately 680 meters using the SPOT tool. When testing a specific brand of UAV controller (operating within the 2.4-2.48 GHz band with a transmit power of 20 dBm), it was found to reach a maximum range of 700 meters. From Point 1 (around 313 meters away) to Point 3 (approximately 636 meters away), the source was successfully located. Users can extend the coverage up to 1-2 kilometers by choosing antennas with higher gain and reducing cable losses.
For this test, the N6841A RF sensor was configured with a 7 MHz analysis bandwidth and 6000 sampling points, achieving a positioning result update rate of about two seconds while maintaining an accuracy level where the positioning error was less than 20 meters, ensuring reliability.
Furthermore, during live drone flights, successful positioning of both the UAV and its controller was achieved, with errors remaining under 50 meters. The N6820 ES software handled signal recognition and classification, alongside providing positioning outputs. The N6854A software pinpointed the video backhaul signals sent by the drone, utilizing the industry’s unique LookBack GEO and time synchronization technologies to accurately locate the frequency-hopping signals transmitted by the controller.
Users also had the option to employ 89601B software for comprehensive demodulation and vector signal analysis, helping them gather, analyze, and manage extensive spectrum data in critical zones, thus aiding in restoring a pristine spectrum environment.
Lastly, the diagram below outlines the process of tracking and locating the UAV's flight path. While it might seem straightforward—red indicating the tracked trajectory and the purple arrows showing the drone's path—it's important to note that the system can precisely track the drone's movement, even at the edges of the monitored area, reflecting accurate results on the map.
To summarize, through these discussions, we hope to offer fresh perspectives to airport authorities, air traffic controllers, and radio regulatory bodies regarding UAV management. By standardizing drone usage, we aim to foster the sustainable growth of the UAV industry.
In conclusion, Keysight’s innovative approach not only enhances drone detection but also contributes significantly to creating safer environments around critical infrastructure.
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