A semiconductor, that is, a light emitting diode, is a semiconductor solid state light emitting device. Semiconductor lighting products are lighting fixtures that use LEDs as light sources. Semiconductor lighting has the remarkable features of high efficiency, energy saving, low carbon and environmental protection, and is an effective way to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. It has gradually become a revolution in lighting history after incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps. In order to fully understand the status quo of patent applications of foreign companies in the field of semiconductor lighting, this paper intends to study the status and trends of patent applications in various developed countries in China from the perspective of patent analysis. The data in this paper is from the patent database of the State Intellectual Property Office of China. From January 2004 to January 2013, a total of 20,425 patent applications were filed in the field of semiconductor lighting applied abroad.
1. Number and type of patent applications
Through the search of the Chinese patent database, this paper has detected 20,425 patents in the field of semiconductor lighting industry, including 16,849 invention patents, accounting for 82.5% of the total invention. 3,493 utility models accounted for 17.1%. The appearance is 83 pieces, accounting for 4%.
It can be seen that in the semiconductor lighting industry, most of them are invention patents.
2. Patent technology life cycle analysis
The technology life cycle analysis is to judge the development stage of the industry's technology by depicting the relationship between the patent year, the number of applications and the number of applicants. There are four stages, including germination, growth, maturity, and recession.
In this paper, the patent applicant is the abscissa, and the number of patent applications is plotted on the ordinate, and the technical life cycle diagram from 2000 to January 2013 is drawn. It can be seen from Figure 2 that by 2011, the number of patent applicants and patent applications for semiconductor lighting reached the maximum, indicating that the industry is clearly a rapid growth period.
3. Analysis of patent applicants
The main applicant refers to the applicant who has the largest number of patents in a patent in a technical field. Through the analysis of the main applicants of patents, we can understand the competition among the main competitors in this technology field.
This paper compares and analyzes the top 10 applicants in the patent. It can be seen that the top 10 applicants have a total number of patents of 1731, accounting for 8.5%. Among them, LG has the largest number of patents, 685, the highest proportion, accounting for 3.3% of the total number of patents; South Korea LG Group was founded in Seoul in 1947, currently has more than 300 overseas in 171 countries and regions Offices, business areas cover chemical energy, electronics, communications and services.
The Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is close behind, with 192.s of patent applications accounting for 0.9% of the total industry; among the top 10 patent applicants, South Korea has two companies, Samsung and LG. Japan has three companies, the United States has one company, and two companies in China are on the list. And we can see from Figure 4 that only two of the top 10 companies (including Taiwan) have an industry patent of 1.4%, while foreign companies have a total of 6.1% of the industry patents. The above analysis shows that these foreign companies attach great importance to the patent layout in China, and most of the patents are also in the hands of foreign companies, especially Japanese and Korean companies. Therefore, South Korea and Japan are China's main competitors in the field of semiconductor lighting.
4. Patent application country analysis
The Chinese LED industry started in the 1970s. After more than 30 years of development, China's LED industry has initially formed a relatively preliminary industrial chain including LED epitaxial wafer production, chip fabrication and chip packaging. Driven by the national semiconductor policy, seven semiconductor lighting engineering industrialization bases such as Shanghai, Dalian and Nanchang have been formed.
In order to clarify the major competitors in the technical field of China's semiconductor lighting industry, we analyze the application of patents in different countries in China. As shown in Figure 5, we find that China is the country with the largest number of patent applications in the industry each year, followed by the United States and Japan. This proves that the application of semiconductor lighting has also been greatly developed due to the increasing importance of environmental protection in countries around the world. With the full launch of China's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" work, the introduction of relevant support policies, and the promotion of lighting application scale, the development of China's semiconductor lighting industry will be actively promoted. But at the same time, we should note that countries around the world have also placed semiconductor lighting technology in key development areas. After 2007, developed countries such as Canada, the European Union and the United States have announced that they will gradually phase out incandescent lamps. The development of the LED lighting industry will become the focus of the global industry, and competition will inevitably become hot.
5, IPC analysis
The international patent classification is a universal method for the management and use of patent documents. The analysis method is to obtain a unified classification of patent documents in various countries, and to facilitate the classification management, use and search of patent documents. The IPC classification is divided into ministries, major categories, sub-categories, large groups, and groups from top to bottom. We can see from Figure 6 that most of the applications are in the H01L category. This class is a semiconductor device; electro-solid devices not included in other categories account for 67.4% of the total application. This is followed by F21S, which accounts for 7.5% of the total number of applications. This type refers to non-portable lighting devices or their systems. From Table 1, we can also find that China's main inventions focus on H01L and F21S, while H01S, C30B, and G03F are mainly concentrated in the United States. This also shows that the country still has some differences in the distribution of patent types.
6 Conclusion
Through the above analysis of this article, we have a comprehensive understanding of the patent status of the LED industry, and the conclusions are as follows:
(1) The LED industry is closely related to the development of China's information industry in the next decade. It is an industry of “high technology, high investment and high outputâ€. At present, LED related technologies in various countries around the world are rapidly changing.
(2) LED technology originated in Europe and the United States, but achieved large-scale industrialization in Asian countries (regions). Such as Japan, South Korea, China and Taiwan.
(3) At this stage, although China has a certain LED industry base, the industrial chain is still not perfect. The main problem is that upstream products are too weak, and key equipment and technologies are mostly in the hands of large companies such as Japan, South Korea and Europe. Therefore, China needs to accelerate the pace of innovation in the technology field.
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