**What is a Fieldbus?**
A fieldbus is a digital, two-way communication network used at the production site to connect intelligent field devices with automated measurement and control systems. It is located at the lowest level of the control hierarchy and serves as a bridge between the physical devices and higher-level systems.
Fieldbus is typically a low-bandwidth network designed for industrial environments, enabling communication between devices and the upper-level networks such as the internet or intranet. It forms a comprehensive communication platform that supports data exchange across different levels of an enterprise.
The image below illustrates the relationship between Industrial Ethernet and Fieldbus:
**Fieldbus Control System**
A fieldbus control system includes various software components such as configuration, maintenance, simulation, monitoring, and device software. The configuration software plays a key role in setting up the system, allowing users to connect function blocks, configure parameters, and manage network settings.
During operation, the system collects real-time data, processes it, and optimizes control logic. It also enables alarms, monitoring, display, and reporting functionalities.
**Fieldbus Measurement System**
This system allows for multi-variable, high-performance measurements. Smart instruments equipped with computing power can process data digitally, offering high resolution, accuracy, and resistance to interference. These devices can also provide status information and allow for process adjustments.
**Equipment Management System**
It provides diagnostic, operational, and manufacturer-related information about the equipment. This helps in tracking performance and maintaining optimal conditions.
**Bus System Computer Service Module**
This module follows a client/server model, where the server acts as a data source, and the client consumes the data. This setup ensures efficient processing and distribution of information across the network.
**Database**
A robust database is essential for storing large volumes of dynamic data, ensuring real-time access and cross-platform sharing. It supports the continuous changes in industrial equipment parameters and meets high-speed requirements.
**Network System Hardware and Software**
Hardware includes servers, gateways, hubs, and user computers. Software solutions like NetWarc, LAN Manager, and Vines support network operations, while operating systems like Linux, Windows NT, and OS/2 manage the environment.
**Bus Classification**
There are over 40 types of fieldbuses globally, used in sectors like process automation, medicine, agriculture, and more. They can be broadly categorized into three main types: RS-485, HART, and Fieldbus.
**RS-485 Network**
RS-485/MODBUS is widely used due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Many instruments support this protocol, making it popular in the low-end market.
**HART Network**
Developed by Emerson, HART combines digital signals with analog 4-20 mA signals. However, it is not fully open and requires membership fees. While some Chinese companies have adopted it, it faces challenges in scalability and speed.
**Fieldbus Network**
Fieldbus is a leading technology in automation, enabling digital, multi-node communication. It has transformed traditional control systems, promoting smart, digital, and networked solutions. However, no universal standard exists, with multiple protocols coexisting.
**Features and Disadvantages**
**Features** include open communication standards, interoperability, distributed control, and flexible integration.
**Advantages** include cost savings, reduced maintenance, improved reliability, and better system flexibility.
**Disadvantages** involve potential delays, packet loss, and increased complexity in control analysis.
**What is Industrial Ethernet?**
Industrial Ethernet refers to Ethernet technology adapted for industrial environments, offering real-time capabilities, reliability, and environmental resilience. It is considered a promising solution for future industrial communication.
**Comparison of Industrial Ethernet and Traditional Ethernet Networks**
**Operational Requirements**
Industrial Ethernet must withstand harsh conditions like temperature, humidity, dust, and electromagnetic interference. It should also support explosion-proof measures, low-voltage DC power, and easy installation on standard rails.
**Main Standards**
Industrial Ethernet uses application-layer protocols tailored for control. Examples include DA, EtherNet/IP, PROFINET, and HSE, each designed for specific industrial needs.
**Problems to be Solved in Industrial Control**
Industrial Ethernet must meet high real-time demands, ensure reliable communication, support distributed control, and integrate seamlessly with information networks.
**Advantages of Industrial Ethernet**
1. Wide application and strong technical support.
2. Low cost due to widespread use.
3. High communication speed (up to 10 Gbps).
4. Rich hardware and software resources.
5. Strong sustainability and global support.
6. Easy integration with control and information networks.
Industrial Ethernet continues to evolve, offering a scalable and efficient solution for modern industrial automation.
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