Summary of health effects
What happens if you are exposed to electromagnetic fields?
Exposure to electromagnetic fields is not new. However, in the 20th century, the ever-increasing demand for electricity, the rapid development of new technologies and changes in social methods have led to an increasing number of sources of artificial electromagnetic fields, and exposures under artificial electromagnetic fields in the environment have increased. From the generation and transmission of electricity, home appliances, industrial equipment to telecommunications and broadcasting, everyone is exposed to a weak electric field and a weak magnetic field mixed in a complex way, whether at home or at work.
Even in the absence of an electric field outside, there is a very weak current generated by the chemical reaction in our body as part of normal body function. For example, nerves transmit signals in the form of electrical impulses; most biochemical reactions, including digestion and brain activity, are accompanied by the rearrangement of charged particles. The electrical activity of the heart is also very active, and doctors can use an electrocardiogram to record them.
The low frequency electric field can affect the human body like other substances that are composed of charged particles. When an electric field acts on a conductive material, it affects the charge distribution of the surface. The electric field causes current to flow from the body to the earth.
The low frequency magnetic field can induce a circulating current in the human body. The strength of the current depends on the strength of the external magnetic field. If the current is large enough, it can cause irritation to the nerves and muscles of the human body, or affect other physiological processes.
Both electric and magnetic fields can induce voltage and current in the human body, but even if standing directly under the high voltage wire, the current induced in the body is still very small compared to the limit that can cause electric shock or other electrical effects.
Heating is the main physiological role of radio frequency electromagnetic fields. In the microwave oven, this fact is used to heat food. The intensity of the radio frequency electromagnetic field that people usually come into contact with is much lower than the intensity that can produce a significant heating effect. The heating effect of radio frequency electromagnetic waves is the main basis for the current safety standards. Scientists are also studying the possibility of long-term exposure to effects below the critical value that can heat the body. So far, the negative health effects of low-intensity exposure to RF and power-frequency electromagnetic fields have not been confirmed, but scientists are actively studying this area.
A popular rumor about microwave ovens says that Germans don't use microwave ovens. From the trade statistics above, the Germans are the world's third-largest microwave importer, behind the United States and Japan, and China is the world's largest exporter of microwave ovens.
Biological effects or health effects? What is the health risk?
Biological effects are measurable responses to stimuli or changes in the environment. These changes are not necessarily harmful to your health. For example, listening to music, reading a book, eating an apple, playing tennis will produce a series of biological effects. But none of these activities will be suspected of causing a health effect. The human body has complex mechanisms to adjust to the effects of the many changes we encounter in the environment. Constant changes make up part of our normal life. But, of course, the body does not produce enough compensation mechanisms for all biological effects. Long-term irreversible changes in the body may become a health risk.
Harmful health effects can produce detectable damage to the health of exposed humans or offspring. Biological effects may cause harmful health effects or may not cause harmful health effects.
For electromagnetic fields that exceed a certain intensity, biological effects can be uncontroversial. Experiments with healthy volunteers have shown that short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields in the environment or at normal intensity in the home does not cause any significant detrimental effects. Exposure to higher intensity electromagnetic fields that may cause injury is strictly limited by national and international safety guidelines. The current controversy focuses on whether long-term low-intensity exposures can cause biological effects and affect humans.
Widespread concerns about health
By looking at the headlines of recent years, you can see what the public is most concerned about in various fields. Over the past two decades, countless sources of electromagnetic fields, including power lines, microwave ovens, computer and television screens, security inspection equipment, radar, and, more recently, cell phones and cell phone base stations, have become a focus of public health concerns.
International Electromagnetic Field Project
In response to growing public concerns about the possible health effects of exposure to increasing numbers and types of electromagnetic fields, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched this large multidisciplinary research project in 1996. The International Electromagnetic Field project integrates existing knowledge and resources available to major international, national organizations and research institutions.
Conclusion in scientific research
In the field of biological effects and medical applications of non-ionizing radiation, approximately 25,000 papers have been published in the past 30 years. Although some believe that more research is needed, the breadth of scientific knowledge in this field has surpassed most chemicals. According to a recent in-depth review of the scientific literature, the World Health Organization has concluded that the current evidence is insufficient to confirm that any exposure to electromagnetic fields at low levels can have any health consequences. However, some differences in understanding biological effects still exist and further research is needed.
General impact on health
Some members of the public attribute many of the symptoms to exposures in low-intensity electromagnetic fields at home. Symptoms reported included headache, anxiety, suicide and depression, nausea, fatigue, and loss of libido. So far, scientific evidence does not support any association between these symptoms and exposure to electromagnetic fields. At least some of these health problems are caused by noise or other factors in the environment, or by psychological anxiety about new technologies.
Impact on pregnancy outcomes
Exposure to electromagnetic fields from many different sources in living and working environments, such as computer screens, water-filled mattresses and electric blankets, RF welders, electrotherapy equipment and radars, the World Health Organization and other organizations have been evaluated. The overall results show that exposure to the electromagnetic field intensity of normal environment does not increase the risk of adverse outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, fetal malformation, low birth weight, and congenital diseases. In a few reports, there is a correlation between indirect speculation of electromagnetic field exposure and health problems, such as the discovery that children of workers working in the electronics industry have precocious and low birth weight, but these results are not considered by the scientific community to be electromagnetic fields. Caused by radiation (taking into account other factors like exposure to chemical solvents).
cataract
In workers exposed to high-intensity radio frequency and microwave radiation, there are occasional reports of common eye irritation and cataracts, but animal experiments do not support such forms of eye damage in the presence of electromagnetic fields that do not reach the risk of heating. . There is little evidence that such effects occur at the intensity of the electromagnetic field that the public is exposed to. (Translator's Note: The electromagnetic field exposure of the public is much lower than the strength of the workers' occupation)
Electromagnetic field and cancer
Although much research has been done, there is still much controversy about whether electromagnetic fields have certain effects on the occurrence of cancer. But what is certain is that if the electromagnetic field really has a certain effect on cancer, then the increase in the risk of cancer is extremely small. There are many contradictions in the current results, but no significant increase in risk is found for any type of cancer in adults and children.
Some epidemiological investigations have found that exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in the home can slightly increase the risk of leukemia in children. But scientists generally do not conclude that these results indicate a causal relationship between exposure and disease under electromagnetic fields (due to some of the defects in the study and factors unrelated to electromagnetic field exposure). To some extent, the conclusion may be that there is no causal relationship between the two because animal experiments and laboratory results do not show any reproducible effects, consistent with the assumption that electromagnetic fields can cause cancer or accelerate cancer progression. Large-scale research is ongoing in many countries and may help solve these problems.
Ultra-sensitive and depressed mood of electromagnetic fields
Some people report hypersensitivity to electric or magnetic fields. They ask about physical pain, headache, depression, lethargy, sleep disorders, and even convulsions. Is there a connection between seizures and exposure to electromagnetic fields?
There is little scientific evidence to prove the hypersensitivity of electromagnetic fields. Recent Scandinavian studies have shown that these individuals did not exhibit the same response under properly controlled electromagnetic field exposure conditions. And there is no acceptable biological mechanism to explain hypersensitivity. Research on this topic is difficult because not only the direct effects of the electromagnetic field alone, but also various other subjective reactions. More research is being carried out on this topic.
Current and future research priorities
Much of the work is currently geared towards the relationship between electromagnetic fields and cancer. Research into the possible carcinogenic effects of power-frequency electromagnetic fields is underway, although it is less than in the late 1990s.
The long-term health effects of using mobile phones are another research topic that is currently widely practiced. It has not been found that exposure to low-intensity radio frequency electromagnetic fields has a significant detrimental effect. However, in the face of public concerns about the safety of mobile phones, future research will focus on whether harmful effects that are not apparent in low-intensity RF electromagnetic fields will occur.
Summary of points:
1. Many factors in the environment can cause biological effects. Biological effects are not equal to health threats. Special research is needed to identify and measure health threats.
2. At low frequencies, external electric and magnetic fields induce weak circulating currents in the body. Under almost all normal environmental conditions, the intensity of the induced current in the body is so small that it does not produce any significant effects.
3. The main effect of radio frequency electromagnetic fields is to heat human tissue.
4. There is no doubt that even short-term exposure to high-intensity electromagnetic fields can be harmful to health. However, exposure to electromagnetic field strengths that are currently of concern to the public can lead to severe physiological responses, mainly concentrated below the standard that has long-term effects on the body.
5. The public is concerned about the possible risks of low-intensity electromagnetic fields. The World Health Organization has launched the “International Electromagnetic Field Project†to provide scientific and objective answers.
6. Despite extensive research, there is no evidence to date that exposure to low-intensity electromagnetic fields has an impact on health.
7. The focus of international research is to explore the possible links between power frequency and radio frequency electromagnetic fields and cancer.
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