Abstract: This paper introduces two changes of the latest international standard IEC60598-1:2003 relative to China's current effective national standard GB7000.1-2002 (the standard is equivalent to IEC60598-1:1999): one change is commonly used in China. Class lamps have been eliminated internationally; another change is in the rectification effect of HID lamps, the scope of application from the original metal halide lamp to some high-pressure sodium lamps and some metal halide lamps.
1. Changes in IEC standards for lamps With the implementation of compulsory product certification and voluntary certification systems in China, more and more employees in the lighting industry have come into contact with the national standards for mandatory lamps, and gradually understand the basic standards of lamps and lanterns GB7000.1. importance. The GB7000.1-2002 "General Safety Requirements and Tests for Luminaires" standard was implemented from August 1, 2003, and replaced the GB7000.1-1996 standard.
One of the characteristics of the standard is the rolling update with the development of science and technology. At the same time as the revision of the GB7000.1 standard, the equivalent international standard IEC60598-1 is also updated. We know that GB7000.1-1996 is equivalent to the third edition of IEC60598-1, and GB7000.1-2002 is equivalent to the fifth edition of IEC60598-1 (ie 1999 edition). At present, IEC60598-1 has been developed to the sixth edition (2003 edition). ). As the main drafter of the GB7000.1 standard, while publicizing and implementing the current version of the national standards for lamps, it also pays attention to the dynamic changes of the IEC standards. At present, the revision of the new round of GB7000.1 standard is underway, and a standard review has been formed. draft. Practitioners in the lighting industry should pay attention to these changes and be technically prepared to ensure that the lighting products produced or sold meet the requirements of national standards. In the following two aspects of the protection against electric shock protection and the rectification effect of HID lamps, we talk about the changes of the sixth edition of IEC60598-1 standard relative to the fifth edition.
1.1 Elimination of Class 0 lamps
1.1.1 Changes in the classification of protection against electric shock by IEC standards
The IEC60598-1 5th edition classifies the protection against electric shock of lamps including Class 0, Class I, Class II and Class III. At present, in addition to Class I, Class II and Class III lamps in China, Class 0 lamps are widely used in indoor lighting.
The sixth edition of IEC60598-1 has undergone great changes in the classification of anti-shock protection, and this change will have a major impact on the Chinese lighting industry.
In the sixth edition of IEC60598-1, the class 0 of the protection against electric shock of lamps is deleted. That is to say, the class 0 lamps that exist in China in large quantities do not comply with the regulations on classification of protection against electric shock in the sixth edition of IEC60598-1. . For lamps designed as Class 0, the corresponding structure should be changed to Class I or Class II as appropriate.
1.1.2 Class 0 lamps, Class I lamps, Class II lamps, Class III lamps
(1) Class 0 lamps
Class 0 luminaires are luminaires that rely on basic insulation as protection against electric shock. This means that the accessible conductive parts of the luminaire (if such parts) are not connected to the protective conductors in the fixed line of the facility, and once the basic insulation fails, it has to rely on the environment.
Class 0 luminaires have not been allowed for wiring rules in CENELEC countries in Europe. These countries are Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. In addition to the special equipment known as "isolation devices" in Italy, the wiring rules do not allow the use of Class 0 lamps. In Japan, Class 0 lamps are only allowed for power supply voltages from 100 to 127V.
(2) Class I tools
Class I luminaires refer to the protection against electric shock of luminaires not only by basic insulation, but also by additional safety measures, that is, connecting the accessible conductive parts to the protective grounding conductors in the fixed line of the facility, so that the accessible conductive parts are The basic insulation will not be charged when it fails.
Class I luminaires can be either double insulated or reinforced, or have special low voltage (SELV) powered components.
(3) Class II tools
Class II luminaires refer to the protection against electric shock not only relying on basic insulation, but also with additional safety measures, such as double insulation or reinforced insulation, but without protective grounding or depending on installation conditions.
Class II luminaires provide protection against electric shock under normal conditions by relying on basic insulation. Under fault conditions (ie, when insulation fails), additional insulation or reinforced insulation is provided to provide protection against electric shock.
(4) Class III lamps
Class III luminaires refer to amps that are protected against electric shock by relying on a supply voltage that is safely low voltage and that do not produce a voltage that is higher than the safety extra low voltage. Class III luminaires should not provide protective grounding.
China's electronic standard GB8898-2001 "Audio, video and similar electronic equipment safety requirements" has long stipulated that the existence of Class 0 electronic products is not allowed; China's household appliances standard GB4706.1-1998 "Safety of household and similar electrical appliances Part 1: General requirements 》Allow the existence of Class 0 home appliances; China's current effective lamp standard GB7000.1-2002 also allows Class 0 lamps to exist. Compared with Class I luminaires and Class II luminaires, the cost of Class 0 luminaires is lower because of the cost of measures such as grounding or additional insulation. In addition, consumers may not have professional knowledge and often purchase prices. The low luminaires make the Class 0 luminaires occupy a large number of indoor luminaires, especially in the use of household luminaires. This also makes many manufacturers are willing to produce Class 0 luminaires, but has now revised GB7000. 1-2002 standard. The GB7000.1 standard that will be published soon will not allow the existence of Class 0 lamps. In other words, Class 0 lamps are bound to be eliminated in China.
2 HID lamp luminaire rectification effect change
Compared with the fifth edition, the sixth edition of IEC60598-1 has been modified in terms of the rectification effect of HID lamps. The scope of application has changed from the original metal halide lamp to some high-pressure sodium lamps and some metal halide lamps. Many changes have been made to the test methods and test lines.
The sixth edition of IEC60598-1 is based on F. in the IEC62035 "Safety Requirements for Gas Discharge Lamps (Except Fluorescent Lamps)". 6 "Possible conditions at the end of the life of the light source": Most high pressure sodium lamps and certain metal halide lamps may present a rectifying effect at the end of their life. To ensure safety under these conditions, adequate protection measures should be taken. The IEC 60598-1 version 6 standard specifies that certain metal halide lamps and certain high pressure sodium lamp lamps that may cause overload of the light source control device (ballast, transformer or starting device) should be subjected to rectification effect tests. The IEC 60598-1 5th Edition standard stipulates that the rectification effect test should be performed on metal halide lamp lamps that may affect the overload of the ballast, transformer or starting device according to the description of the light source.
The method of the IEC60598-1 sixth edition regarding the rectification effect test of the HID lamp is as follows: the light source in the lamp is replaced by the test circuit shown in FIG. The test begins with the test circuit and the luminaire and control unit are stabilized at the ambient temperature of the draft shield. Change the resistance R to adjust the lamp current to 2 times the nominal lamp current without further adjustment of R.
2.1 IEC60598-1 5th Edition Method for Rectification Effect Test of HID Lamps
(1) The luminaire is not equipped with special equipment, and its safety is only guaranteed by design.
The light source in the luminaire is replaced by the test circuit of Figure 4. By changing the resistor R2, the source current is adjusted to the maximum, but not higher than three times the normal source current.
(2) The luminaire is equipped with special equipment, but the device is outside the ballast, transformer or starting device, or combined inside the ballast, transformer or starting device, and has corresponding markings.
The light source in the luminaire is replaced by the test circuit of Figure 4. By varying the resistance R2, the lamp current is adjusted to a value equal to 2 times the normal lamp current. After reaching a steady state, the current is increased in an appropriate step until the protection device is activated. Note that every step should be as steady as possible.
The rectifying effect that occurs at the end of the life of the light source is the one-way flow of the lamp current. The DC component tends to saturate the ballast core, the magnetic ballast exhibits a low impedance, and the current surges, causing the ballast coil temperature to rise sharply. If there is no temperature overheat protection, the ballast coil may be burned. The test circuit of Figure 1 is not a simulated actual light source, but only a device that makes high asymmetric test current possible. Compared with Figure 4 of IEC60598-1 5th edition, the test circuit of Figure 1 is simpler. The lamp current waveform of IEC60598-1 6th edition (Fig. 2) is the same as the lamp current waveform of IEC60598-1 5th edition (Fig. 5). Only when R = 0, a short circuit current of 50/60 Hz flows through the ballast. Increasing the resistance of the resistor R, when the diode is turned on, a higher asymmetrical current flows in a half cycle, and the rms current through the ballast increases due to DC compensation. The variable resistor R in Fig. 1 does not have to withstand such a high asymmetrical current, and only a current that does not exceed the short-circuit current flows in a half cycle of each cycle. Figure 1 (IEC 60598-1, 6th Edition) uses fewer components than Figure 4 (IEC 60598-1 5th Edition). Figure 1 (IEC 60598-1, 6th Edition) The voltage waveforms at both ends of the resistor (ie, the ends of the diode) in the test circuit are shown in Figure 3. Figure 4 (IEC 60598-1, 5th Edition) The voltage waveform across the capacitor in the test circuit is shown in Figure 6. . For the protection circuit of the automatic reset protection device, many "on/off" cycles may occur before the maximum temperature is reached.
2.2 IEC60598-1 6th Edition stipulates that the rectification effect test can be dispensed with in the following four cases.
(1) High-pressure sodium lamps with rated power not less than 1000W;
(2) High pressure sodium lamps designed to directly replace mercury lamps;
(3) High-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps that are identified by IEC62035 and have a rectifying effect at the end of their life:
1 High-pressure sodium lamps that are less prone to rectification effects are:
a. High pressure sodium lamp with a nominal power of 1000W;
b. High pressure sodium lamp designed to replace mercury lamps;
c. Other high pressure sodium lamps declared by the light source manufacturer that are less prone to rectification effects.
2 Metal halide lamps prone to rectification effects are:
a. Metal halide lamps that are susceptible to rectification at the end of the life of the light source as identified by the IEC 61167 Metal Halide Lamp source data sheet;
The metal halide lamps involved in the IEC61167 standard are very limited in power rating, type and lamp head. They only include single-ended G12 35-150W metal halide lamps, double-ended RX7s and Fc2 70-250W metal halide lamps. .
b. Other metal halide lamps that are prone to rectification effects as stated by the light source manufacturer.
When using metal halide lamps not covered by the IEC61167 standard, it is possible to determine whether it is necessary according to the declaration of the light source manufacturer (what is a metal halide lamp susceptible to rectification and which is not a metal halide lamp susceptible to rectification). Perform a rectification effect test.
(4) Other high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps that are identified by the light source manufacturer and have no rectification effect at the end of their life.
The use of Class 0 lamps in China is relatively common. The international standard IEC60598-1:2003 has clearly eliminated Class 0 lamps, and the national standards equivalent to the international standards are also being formulated. Those who want to be in line with international standards can take action. Make all kinds of preparatory work and strive to synchronize the quality of China's lamps with the international community. ( Chen Chaozhong)
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